John Steenhuisen, when he was Minister of Agriculture, announced that South Africa had resumed sending samples from animals infected with foot and mouth disease (FMD) to the Pirbright Institute in the UK.

The consequences of that slump are visible in small towns such as Darnall, where Tongaat closed a mill in 2020, costing almost 400 permanent jobs and dozens of seasonal work opportunities. 
The Melville Sugar Mill in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province is a sign of what used to be and what the future might hold.

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The last 10 years have not been so kind to the beef industry. It is facing a triple threat: the trend toward leaner white meats such as chicken and fish, consumer movements like “Meatless Mondays” and even lab-grown meats.

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In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the use of antibiotics in conventional livestock production. Antibiotics provided at subtherapeutic doses promote growth while staving off disease, which can spread like wildfire in high-density confinement operations.

Global pork trade has shifted away from a China-driven model toward a more fragmented and regionally distributed market.

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The answer is basic and straightforward. You have to decide, first of all, if you are going to be merely a livestock owner or whether you want to be a livestock farmer.